45 Caliber Pistol - The M1911 (Colt 1911 or Colt Governmt) is a single-action semi-automatic pistol chambered in .45 ACP.
The pistol was formally designated in the US Army from 1940 as Autopistol, Caliber .45, M1911 for the original model adopted in March 1911, and Autopistol, Caliber .45, M1911A1 for the improved M1911A1 model that entered service in 1926. change. for a pistol, caliber .45, automatic, M1911A1 in the Vietnam War era.
45 Caliber Pistol
Designed by John Browning, the M1911 is the most famous of his designs, using the short-barreled principle in its original design. The gun was widely copied, and this operating system became a staple of the 20th century and almost all modern firearms. It is popular with civilian shooters in competitive events such as the International Defensive Pistol Association and the International Practical Shooting Federation.
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The US Army has received approximately 2.7 million M1911 and M1911A1 pistols over its lifetime. The pistol was the standard weapon of the United States Armed Forces from 1911 to 1985. It was used extensively in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The M1911A1 replaced the Beretta M9 9mm pistol as the US military's standard weapon in 1985. However, the US Army did not replace the M1911A1 with the Beretta M9 until October 1986, and due to the popularity was the M1911 among users. , it had not completely faded out. Modernized derivative versions of the M1911 are still in use by some special forces units of the US Army, US Marine Corps, and US Navy.
The M1911 pistol was created in the late 1890s as a result of the search for a suitable self-loading (or semi-automatic) pistol to replace the various revolvers in service.
The United States adopted new firearms at a formal rate; Several new pistols and two completely new service rifles (the M1892/96/98 Krag and the M1895 Navy Lee), as well as a series of revolvers from Colt and Smith & Wesson for the Army and Navy, were adopted just this year. The following decade would follow a similar pace, including the adoption of many other revolvers and intensive research into a self-loading pistol, resulting in the official adoption of the M1911 after the end of the decade.
Hiram S. Maxim designed the self-loading rifle in the 1880s, but he dealt with machine guns. However, some self-loading pistols appeared in 1896 due to the application of his principle of using charge energy for reloading. Various militaries adopted the designs, and each began programs to find one suitable for their forces. In the United States, such a program would lead to a formal test at the beginning of the 20th century.
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During 1899 and early 1900, self-loading pistols were tested, including efforts from Mauser (C96 "Broomhandle"), Mannlicher (Mannlicher M1894) and Colt (Colt M1900).
This resulted in the purchase of 1,000 DWM Luger pistols chambered in 7.65mm Luger. During field trials, they had some problems, especially with braking performance. Other governments have filed similar complaints. As a result, DWM produced an enlarged version of the cartridge, the 9×19mm Parabellum (known today as the 9×19mm NATO), a 7.65mm version of the cartridge. The US Army also tested fifty of them in 1903.
US troops fighting Tausūg guerrillas in the Moro rebellion in Sulu during the Philippine-American War found themselves using the Colt M1892 caliber, .38 Long Colt revolver found it unsuitable for the rigors of warfare jungle, especially in terms of stopping power, as the Moros had. high combat morale and drugs often used to suppress pain.
The US Army briefly returned to using the M1873 single-action revolver in .45 Colt, which was the standard in the late 19th century; the heavier bullet was found to be more effective against the loaded stock.
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The problems prompted the Chief of Ordnance, Geral William Crozier, to authorize further testing of the new service pistol.
After conducting tests on the effectiveness of the Thompson-LaGarde pistol cartridge in 1904, Colonel John T. Thompson said that the new pistol "should not be of less than .45 caliber" and should preferably be semi-automatic. in force.
As a result of this in 1906 six firearms companies made pistol trials (namely Colt, Bergmann, Deutsche Waff und Munitionsfabrik (DWM), Savage Arms Company, Knoble, Webley and White-Merrill).
Of the six designs submitted, three were prematurely discarded, leaving only the Savage, Colt and DWM designs chambered in the new .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol).
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All three still had issues that needed to be resolved, but Colt and Savage never submitted their designs again. There is some debate as to why the DWM was withdrawn – some say they had a bias and the DWM design was used primarily as a “butter” for Savage and Colt pistols.
Although this is not the same as DWM's earlier purchase of the 1900 design through the Colt and Steyr trials. In any case, a series of field tests were conducted between 1907 and 1911 to decide between the Savage and Colt designs.
Among the successful fields for Colt was a test in 1910 attended by its designer, John Browning. 6000 rounds were fired from one gun within 2 days. When the gun started to heat up, it was simply dipped in water to cool it down. The Colt gun passed with no reported failures, and there were 37 Savage designs.
After success in trials, the Colt pistol was formally adopted by the Army on March 29, 1911, and designated the "Model 1911", later changed to the "Model 1911" in 1917 and the "M1911" in the mid-1920s. . The Director of Civilian Marksmanship began manufacturing M1911 pistols for members of the National Rifle Association in August 1912. About 100 pistols were marked N.R.A. made by Springfield Armory and Colt serial no.
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The US Navy and Marine Corps formally adopted the M1911 in 1913. The US Army cavalry and infantry used the .45 ACP "US Army Model 1911" during the United States' punitive expedition to Mexico against Pancho Villa in 1916.
In early 1917, Colt Firearms Manufacturing Company and Springfield Armory delivered to the US government 68,533 M1911 pistols to the US military in early 1917. However, due to the need to greatly expand the American military forces and as a result the increase in demand for firearms in World War I led to an increase in production to suppliers other than Colt and Springfield Armory, including Remington-UMC and North American Arms Co. of Quebec.
Several other manufacturers were awarded contracts to produce the M1911, including the National Cash Register Company, Savage Arms Company, Caron Brothers Manufacturing of Montreal, Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Winchester Repeating Arms Company, and Lanston Monotype Company, but signed the armistice. as a result of the earlier cancellation of the contracts, how guns were made.
Battlefield experience in World War I led to a number of minor external modifications, which were completed in 1924. The new version was given the modified M1911A1 classification in 1926, with the provision that M1911A1s should have serial numbers greater than 700,000 and lower serial numbers marked M1911. .
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Changes to the M1911A1 from the original design consisted of a shorter trigger, cut-out in the frame behind the trigger, domed mainspring housing, longer grip safety spur (to prevent hammer grip), wider front sight, hammer spur shortened, and simplified grip check (elimination of the "Double Diamond" reliefs).
These changes were subtle and mostly intended to make the pistol easier to shoot for those with smaller hands. No significant internal changes were made and parts remained interchangeable between the M1911 and M1911A1.
David Marshall Williams, working for the US Ordnance Office, developed a practice version of the .22 M1911 using a float chamber that gives the .22 a long recoil similar to the .45 version.
As the Colt Service Ace, it was available as a pistol and as a conversion kit for the .45 M1911 pistol.
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Before World War II, 500 M1911s were produced under license from Norwegian arms manufacturer Kongsberg Vaapfabrikk as Automatiks Pistol Model 1912. Production was switched to a modified version designated Pistol Model 1914 and unofficially known as the "Kongsberg Colt". The M/1914 pistol is known for its unusual elongated plane, specified by the Norwegian Ordnance Authority. 22,000 were produced between 1914 and 1940, but production continued after the German occupation of Norway in 1940 and 10,000 were produced as the 657 (n) pistol for the German armed forces.
Between 1927 and 1966, 102,000 M1911 pistols were produced as Sistema Colt Modelo 1927 in Argentina, initially by the Dirección Geral de Fabricaciones Militares. A similar weapon, the Ballester-Molina, was also designed and produced.
Several other countries also ordered the M1911 and M1911A1 pistols from Colt or produced them domestically in modified form, including Brazil (M1937 contract pistol), Mexico (Mexico contract M1911
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