45 Caliber Pistols - The M1911 (Colt 1911 or Colt Governmt) is a single-action, recoil-operated, automatic pistol chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge.
The official pistol in the United States Army since 1940 is the Automatic Pistol, .45 Caliber, M1911 for the first model approved in March 1911, and the Automatic Pistol, .45 Caliber, M1911A1 for the improved M1911A1 model that entered service in 1926. Name it was changed to the Pistol, Caliber .45, Automatic, M1911A1 during the Vietnam War.
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John Browning's design, the M1911 is best known for its use of the short recoil principle in its primary design. This pistol has been greatly modified, and the operating system has been improved to the type of the early 20th century and almost all modern pistols. It is popular with civilian shooters in competitive markets such as the International Defensive Pistol Association and the International Practical Shooting Confederation.
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The US Army purchased about 2.7 million M1911 and M1911A1 pistols during its tenure. The pistol was standard equipment for the United States Army from 1911 to 1985. The pistol was used extensively during World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The M1911A1 was replaced by the Beretta M9 9mm pistol as the US Army's standard sidearm in 1985. However, the US Army did not replace the M1911A1 with the Beretta M9 until October 1986, and due to the popularity of the M1911. , is not permanently eliminated. Modern variants of the M1911 are still used by several units and special forces of the United States Army, United States Navy and United States Marine Corps.
The M1911 pistol originated in the late 1890s as a result of the search for a suitable automatic (or semi-automatic) pistol to replace various recoilless rifles.
America uses new weapons on a formal level; several pistols and two all-new service rifles (M1892/96/98 Krag and M1895 Navy Lee), as well as a series of Colt and Smith & Wesson revolutions for the Army and Navy, approved in the decade alone. The next ten years would see the same pace, including many more revisions and a thorough search for automatic pistols that would culminate in the official adoption of the M1911 a decade later.
Hiram S. Maxim had designed an automatic rifle in the 1880s, but was busy with guns. However, the application of the principle of using a cartridge case for reloading resulted in many reloading pistols in 1896. The design was adopted by various soldiers, each of whom began the process of finding one suitable for their troops. In the United States, the system would lead to standardized tests in the early 20th century.
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During 1899 and early 1900, there were automatic pistol tests, including tests by Mauser (C96 "Broomhandle"), Mannlicher (Mannlicher M1894), and Colt (Colt M1900).
This led to the purchase of 1,000,000 DWM Luger pistols, chambered in 7.65mm Luger, bottled cartridges. During testing, it encountered several problems, mainly with electrical noise. Other leaders have made similar allegations. In fact, DWM produced a larger version of the round, in 9 × 19mm Parabellum (known in currt military parlance as 9 × 19mm NATO), neck chambered in 7.65 mm. Fifty of them were also tested by the US Army in 1903.
American troops fighting Tausūg rebels in the Moro rebellion in Sulu during the Philippine-American War used the Colt M1892, .38 Long Colt revolver, unsuitable for jungle warfare, especially in terms of troop suppression. and often used drugs to prevent pain ssation.
The US Army briefly returned to using a single M1873 revolver in .45 Caliber, which was common in the late 19th century; Heavy ammunition was found to be more effective in filling the race.
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The problem prompted the Director of Ordnance, General William Crozier, to authorize further testing of the new pistol.
After testing the Thompson-LaGarde pistol in 1904, Colonel John T. Thompson said that the new pistol "will not be in .45 caliber" and must be fully automatic.
This led to the 1906 pistol test of six gun manufacturers (namely Colt, Bergmann, Deutsche Waff und Munitionsfabrik (DWM), Savage Arms Company, Knoble, Webley, and White-Merrill).
Of the six designs offered, three were withdrawn early, leaving only the Savage, Colt, and DWM designs chambered in the new .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) cartridge.
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The trio still have problems to solve, but only Colt and Savage come up with their designs. There is some debate as to why the DWM was withdrawn - some say it was biased and that the DWM design was used primarily as a "whipping boy" in Savage and Colt pistols.
Although this does not fit well with the 1900 purchase of the DWM design through Colt and Steyr. However, several field tests from 1907 to 1911 were conducted to determine whether the Savage and Colt designs were superior.
Among the most successful units of Colt there was a test in d in 1910 attended by the designer, John Browning. 6000 shot from one pistol over day 2. When the gun starts to heat up, put it in water to cool. The Colt rifle was passed without mentioning its performance, while the Savage design was 37.
After successful trials, the Colt pistol was approved by the Army on March 29, 1911, where it was designated the "Model 1911", then changed in 1917 to the "Model 1911", and the "M1911" in the mid-1920s. civilians began producing M1911 pistols for members of the National Rifle Association in August 1912. About 100 pistols were stamped "N.R.A." according to the serial number produced at Springfield Armory by Colt.
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The M1911 was officially adopted by the US Army and Marine Corps in 1913. The .45 ACP "US Army Model 1911" was used by US Army Cavalry and infantry soldiers during the US invasion of Mexico against Pancho Villa in 1916.
By the beginning of 1917, a total of 68,533 M1911 pistols had been delivered to the US Army by Colt's Patt Firearms and the US State Armory. However, the need to expand the US military and the increased demand for firearms in World War I saw the expansion of production to contractors other than Colt and Springfield Armory, including Remington-UMC and North American Quebec Armory. .
Several other manufacturers were awarded contracts to produce the M1911, including National Cash Register Company, Savage Arms Company, Caron Brothers Manufacturing Montreal, Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Winchester Repeating Arms Company, and Lanston Monotype Company, but the signing of the Contract caused the contract to be canceled earlier, all pistol made.
War research during World War I led to minor exterior changes, which were completed in 1924. The new version received a modified type, M1911A1, in 1926 which stated that the M1911A1 should number more than 700,000 with a minimum number of M1911. ..
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Changes to the M1911A1 from the original design include a shorter trigger, a cutout behind the trigger, a built-in main housing, a longer grip safety (to prevent hammer), a front sight, a shorter hammer sight, and a lighter hammer. check the grip (remove the "Double Diamond" relief).
These changes are simple and mostly designed to make the pistol easier to shoot for those with smaller hands. There are no major internal changes, and parts remain interchangeable between the M1911 and M1911A1.
David Marshall Williams of the US Bureau of Defense designed a .22 caliber version of the M1911 using a float chamber to produce the same .22 caliber rifle as the .45 version.
Like the Colt Service Ace, it is available as a pistol and a .45 M1911 pistol conversion kit.
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Before World War II, 500 M1911s were produced under license by the Norwegian arms factory Kongsberg Vaapfabrikk, as the automatic Pistolet Model 1912. Th, production was moved to a modified version called Pistol Model 1914 and known as "Kongsberg Colt". The M/1914 pistol is known for its unique suspension shown by the Norwegian authorities. 22,000 were made between 1914 and 1940 but production continued after the German occupation of Norway in 1940 and 10,000,000 were produced for the German Army as the Pistole 657 (n).
Between 1927 and 1966, 102,000 M1911 pistols were produced as the Sistema Colt Modelo 1927 in Argentina, first by the Militares of the Dirección Geral de Fabricaciones. A similar gun, Ballester - Molina, was also designed and manufactured.
The M1911 and M1911A1 pistols were also ordered from Colt or produced domestically in modified form by several other countries, including Brazil (M1937 pistol), Mexico (Mexico contract M1911).
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