45 Caliber Handguns - The M1911 (Colt 1911 or Colt Governmt) is a single-action, recoil-operated semi-automatic pistol chambered in .45 ACP.
The formal US military designation of the pistol as of 1940 was Automatic Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911 for the original model that entered service in March 1911, and Automatic Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911A1 for the improved M1911A1 model that entered service in 1926 year the design has changed. 45-caliber M1911A1 automatic pistol during the Vietnam War.
45 Caliber Handguns
Designed by John Browning, the M1911 is the most famous of his designs for using the principle of short recoil in its basic design. The gun was widely copied, and this operating system became the preeminent type of the 20th century and almost all modern firearms. It is popular with civilian shooters in competitions such as the International Defensive Pistol Association and the International Practical Shooting Confederation.
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The US Army purchased about 2.7 million M1911 and M1911A1 pistols during their lifetime. The pistol served as the standard weapon for the United States Armed Forces from 1911 to 1985. It was used extensively in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The M1911A1 was supplanted by the Beretta M9 9mm pistol as the US Army's standard handgun in 1985. However, the US Army did not replace the M1911A1 with the Beretta M9 until October 1986, also due to the popularity of the M1911 among users. , was not completely removed. Upgraded derivatives of the M1911 are still in use by some US Army, US Marine Corps, and US Navy Special Forces units.
The M1911 pistol originated in the late 1890s as a result of the search for a suitable automatic (or semi-automatic) self-loading pistol to replace the various revolvers in service.
The United States adopted new firearms at a record pace; This decade alone saw the adoption of several new pistols and two completely new service rifles (the M1892/96/98 Krag and the M1895 Navy Lee), as well as several Colt and Smith & Wesson revolvers for the Army and Navy. The next decade would see a similar pace, including the adoption of several more revolvers and an intense search for the self-loading pistol, culminating in the official adoption of the M1911 at the turn of the decade.
Hiram S. Maxim developed a self-loading rifle in the 1880s, but was concerned with machine guns. However, the application of his principle of using the energy of the cartridge for reloading led to the creation of several self-loading pistols in 1896. The designs caught the attention of several militaries, each of which began programs to find pistols suitable for their forces. In the United States, such a program would lead to formal testing in the early 20th century.
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During 1899 and the early 1900s, tests of self-loading pistols were conducted, including tests of the Mauser (C96 "Broomhandle"), Mannlicher (Mannlicher M1894), and Colt (Colt M1900).
This led to the purchase of 1,000 DWM Luger pistols chambered in 7.65mm Luger, bottled. During field tests, they encountered some problems, especially with braking power. Other governments have made similar complaints. Thus, DWM produced a large version of the cartridge, the 9×19mm Parabellum (known in military parlance as the 9×19mm NATO), a smaller version of the 7.65mm cartridge. Fifty of them were also tested by the US Army in 1903.
American forces fighting Tausug guerrillas during the Moro Rebellion in Sulu during the Philippine-American War, using the Colt M1892, .38 Long Colt revolver, found it unsuitable for the rigors of jungle warfare, especially in terms of stopping power as the Moors had a high fighting spirit and often used medicine to suppress pain.
The US Army briefly returned to using the M1873 single-action revolver in .45 Colt, which was standard in the late 19th century; it was found that a heavier bullet was more effective against fellow tribesmen.
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The problems prompted Chief of Artillery General William Crozier to authorize further testing of the new service pistol.
After performance testing the 1904 Thompson-Lagarde pistol, Colonel John T. Thompson stated that the new pistol "should not be under .45 caliber" and preferably semi-automatic.
This led to pistol trials in 1906 by six firearms companies (namely Colt, Bergmann, Deutsche Waff und Munitionsfabrik (DWM), Savage Arms Company, Knoble, Webley and White-Merrill).
Of the six designs introduced, three were rejected early on, leaving only the Savage, Colt and DWM designs chambered for the new .45 ACP (Colt Automatic Pistol) cartridge.
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The three still had issues that needed to be addressed, but only Colt and Savage resubmitted their designs. There is some debate as to why DWM was withdrawn; some say they felt biased and that the DWM design was used mainly as a "scoop" for Savage and Colt pistols.
Although it doesn't fit with the earlier 1900 purchase of the DWM design instead of the Colt and Steyr attempts. In any case, a series of field trials were conducted between 1907 and 1911 to decide between the Savage and Colt designs.
Among Colt's areas of success was the testing of its designer, John Browning, in late 1910. In 2 days, 6,000 shots were fired from one gun. When the gun began to heat up, he simply dunked it in water to cool it down. The Colt pistol passed with no reported failures, while the Savage design had 37.
After successful trials, the Colt pistol was officially adopted by the Army on March 29, 1911, the pistol was designated the Model 1911, later changed to the Model 1911 in 1917, and the M1911 in mid-1911. 1920s The Director of Civilian Rifles began production of M1911 pistols for members of the National Rifle Association in August 1912. serial number were made at Springfield Armory and Colt.
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The M1911 was officially adopted by the US Navy and Marine Corps in 1913. The .45 ACP "US Army Model 1911" was used by both cavalry and infantry of the US Army during the punitive expedition from the United States to Mexico against Pancho Villa in 1916.
In early 1917, Colt's Patt Firearms Manufacturing Company and the US government arms company Springfield Armory delivered 68,533 M1911 pistols to the United States armed forces. However, the need to greatly expand the United States military and the resulting increased demand for firearms during World War I led to expansion of production by contractors other than Colt and Springfield Armory, including Remington-UMC and North American Arms co. Quebec.
Several other manufacturers were awarded contracts to produce the M1911, including National Cash Register Company, Savage Arms Company, Caron Brothers Manufacturing of Montreal, Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Winchester Repeating Arms Company, and Lanston Monotype Company. the signing of the armistice resulted in the cancellation of the contracts before the pistols were produced.
The combat experience of World War I led to some minor exterior changes, completed in 1924. The new version received a modified M1911A1 type classification in 1926 with the stipulation that M1911A1s must have serial numbers in excess of 700,000 with lower serial numbers listed. M1911.
Caliber Pistol Stock Photo, Picture And Royalty Free Image. Image 4321232
Changes from the M1911A1 to the original design were a shorter trigger, cut-outs in the frame behind the trigger, an arched mainspring housing, a longer grip safety spur (to prevent the trigger from biting), a wider front sight, a short, simplified trigger spur. . clutch inspection (removal of "Double Diamond" reliefs).
These changes were minor and mostly aimed at making the pistol easier to shoot for those with smaller hands. No major internal changes were made, and parts of the M1911 and M1911A1 remained interchangeable.
While working for the US Bureau of Munitions, David Marshall Williams developed a training version of the M1911 in .22 caliber, using a floating chamber to give the .22 rifle a rimfire recoil similar to that of the .45 version.
Like the Colt Service Ace, it was available both as a pistol and as a .45 M1911 pistol conversion kit.
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Before World War II, 500 M1911s were produced under license by the Norwegian arms factory Kongsberg Vaapfabrikk under the name Automatic Pistol Model 1912. Production switched to a modified version called the Pistol Model 1914 and unofficially known as the "Kongsberg Colt". The M/1914 pistol is distinguished by its unusual elongated slide, which was specified by the Norwegian artillery authorities. 22,000 were produced between 1914 and 1940, but production continued after the German occupation of Norway in 1940, and 10,000 were issued to the German armed forces as the Pistole 657 (n).
Between 1927 and 1966, 102,000 M1911 pistols were produced under the name Colt System Model 1927 in Argentina, initially by the General Directorate of Military Production. A similar weapon, the Ballester-Molina, was also designed and manufactured.
The M1911 and M1911A1 pistols were also ordered from Colt or produced domestically in modified form by other countries, including Brazil (M1937 contract pistol), Mexico (M1911 contract with Mexico).
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