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Wyckoff Avenue, which serves as the border between Ridgewood and Bushwick, is named for one of the first influential families in Brooklyn and Queens.
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In 1765, Nicholas Wyckoff, born in 1743 in the Wyckoff homestead in Brooklyn, Canarsie, purchased the Schenck farm in colonial Newtown (present-day Ridgewood). The farm included nearly 200 acres of land bordered today on the north by Flushing Avenue; west by Ridge Road (later renamed Wyckoff Avenue); east on Cypress Avenue; and on the south side on Cooper Ave.
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The farmhouse, built in 1721 by Johannes Schenck, from whom Wyckoff purchased the farm, was located at what is now 1325 Flushing Avenue, along with several barns. The farm was demolished around 1970 to make way for a factory.
The Wyckoff House on Flushing Avenue in present-day Ridgewood (Ridgewood Times Archives / Courtesy of the Greater Ridgewood Historical Society)
The Wikoff family came to America in 1636, when New York was called the Dutch colony of New Holland. Pieter Claesen Wyckoff built a log farm in 1637 on Canarsay Avenue at the intersection of what is now Clarendon Road and Ralph Avenue in Brooklyn. Still standing, the house is the oldest wood frame house in New York State and possibly the oldest wood frame house in the United States.
Of course, Great Britain took control of New Netherland from the Netherlands in 1664 and named it New York. The Wyckoffs, no less, remained in the colony. Nicholas Wikoff was the fifth generation of the family in America.
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In addition to owning the Schenck farm, Nicholas Wyckoff also owned 140 acres in Ridgewood near present-day Fresh Pond Road.
New York had been under English control for over a century when Wyckoff purchased the Schenck farm. However, there was growing tension between the colonies and the British. Americans increasingly resented the taxes imposed by the English government. The English argued that the taxes were needed to cover the costs of the French and Indian War and to station troops in America to protect the colonies from French attack.
On December 29, 1774, a group of Whigs (Patriots) from the town of Newtown (which included Ridgewood, Glendale, Maspeth, Middle Village, Forest Hills, and much of Elmhurst) met and formed a committee of 15. They reaffirmed their loyalty. King George III, however, objected to taxation without representation because the colonies had no members in the English Parliament. The committee also formally approved the session of the First Continental Congress, a group of delegates from the 13 American colonies who met in Philadelphia to debate, discuss, and resolve common issues.
Two weeks later, on January 12, 1775, the Tories (Loyalists) held a meeting in Newtown and ended the Whig Committee meeting. 57 Among the Tories were Charles and John DeBevoise, John Van Alst Sr., John Morrell, Dow Van Duyne, Jeremiah Remsen, and John Suydam. It was clear that the city was divided on this important issue.
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John Morrell's farm was one of the farms that the British would live on after the Battle of Long Island until the end of the war. He was the great-grandson of Thomas Morell, who built the Morell Middle Country House ten years before George Washington was born.
Problems with England worsened, and as a result, in April 1775, clashes between the British and the colonists began in the Massachusetts cities of Lexington and Concord. The American Revolutionary War had begun. In May, the Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and took control of the militia in the various colonies and appointed George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.
On November 7, 1775, various towns in Queens County (which also includes present-day Nassau County) voted on whether to send delegates to represent the country at the next meeting of the Continental Congress. The Newtown Whigs outnumbered the Tories by 100 to 55, but the final tally across the country went the Tories' way, 788 for sending MPs to 221 against.
When Queens County failed to send deputies, it angered Congress, which sent a 900-man militia to Queens in January 1776. The militia arrived in Newtown, went to a Tory farm, and tried to disarm them and take the oath of allegiance. . in support of the Continental Congress. However, many Tories fled before the militia arrived at their homes. The troops seized nearly 1,000 muskets along with lead pellets and gunpowder.
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After the Continental Army surprised the British with victories at Fort Ticonderoga and Boston, a British force under General William Howe with 9,000 troops and 1,000 followers marched on Halifax, Nova Scotia. But General Washington quickly realized that they were not retreating; They were preparing for an even bigger battle.
Washington decided that the British would attack New York to gain a base of operations that could command the Hudson Valley and Delaware River Valley. This would effectively split the colonies in half, north and south - a move that could prove fatal to the colonial cause.
With this in mind, Washington sent a large continental fleet to New York and moved his army there. In June 1776, the Continental Congress—a month before the official declaration of independence from Great Britain—authorized the conscription of 19,800 militia men into the Continental Army. Among them was the militia on Long Island. Nicholas Wikoff, despite having six children and a large farm to run, volunteered.
This painting by Thomas Davis shows the British fleet after the Battle of Long Island. (Photo from Wikimedia Commons)
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Washington prepared for the attack as his men dug trenches on the west side of Long Island. By June, British ships began arriving from Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Troop ships arrived from England, and Hessian mercenaries from Germany. General Howe returned from Halifax with his army and recalled additional troops.
By the third week of August, the British were ready to move against the Continental Army entrenched on Brooklyn Heights. The British used barges to transport their troops from Staten Island to Gravesend Bay. The Hessians advanced in a frontal attack, and the British troops marching east came out from behind the American lines under the command of General John Sullivan.
The result was a crushing defeat for the Americans. Some fled in small boats up the East River near Fulton Harbor to Manhattan, navigating through the fog at night before heading north to regroup. Nicholas Wikoff was one of those lucky escapees.
The British Army's 17th Light Dragoons scoured the town of Newtown, looking for militiamen fleeing the battle. When searching for Wyckoff Farm, British troops wanted to burn the house and barns because of Nicholas Wyckoff's involvement in the fight against them. Antie Wikoff, his wife, prevailed upon the British officer to leave the premises. Instead they took all the cows.
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In addition, he urged the Hessian official to try to return the cows so that his children would have milk. Hessian managed to get all but one of the cows.
The British maintained a military presence on Long Island until the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783. We do not know exactly when Nicholas Wyckoff returned to his farm in Newtown, but it was probably in 1777 or 1778. After the Paris Agreement was officially signed. As the Americans fought for independence, the British army left Newtown for good, taking thousands of Tories from Queens County to Canada.
This 1926 photo shows the old Wyckoff residence on Flushing Avenue. (Ridgewood Times Archives/Courtesy of Greater Ridgewood Historical Society)
Needing money, Nicholas Wyckoff sold 70 acres of land on the west side of Fresh Pond Road on October 28, 1779 to John Debevoise for £575 (or $20 per acre). Two years later, he sold Debevoise another 70 acres of land on the east side of Fresh Pond Road.
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After his first wife died, Nicholas Wyckoff remarried in 1780 and fathered four children with his second wife. In 1808, in addition to managing his farm, he became Sheriff of Queens County.
Wyckoff died on May 29, 1813, at the age of 70. He left his property to his two sons, Peter and Nicholas the Younger. On June 11, 1814, they agreed to divide land between Newtown, Queens, and Bushwick. in Brooklyn with Nicholas Jr. Retaining the original Flushing Avenue residence.
Nicholas Jr. had a son, Peter, born on February 27, 1828. When Peter died in 1910, he was still living in the original homestead where he was born - and was the last member of the Wyckoff family to live in the house he had lived in. . .
Descendants of the Wyckoff family, beginning about 1860, sold the property from the original farm. Eventually, houses were built in an area on the Ridgewood/Bushwick border and nicknamed Wyckoff Heights.
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